United States – Page 9 – Global Investment Law Watch

United States: SEC Proposes New Requirements for Adviser Oversight of Service Providers

Oct 31 2022

On October 26, 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) proposed new rule 206(4)-11 and related amendments under the Advisers Act, which would require registered investment advisers to meet certain requirements when outsourcing “covered functions” to service providers. Citing increasing use of third-party service providers, SEC Chair Gary Gensler noted that the proposals are designed to ensure that outsourcing is consistent with the obligations advisers have to their clients. A related fact sheet and the SEC’s press release can be found here and here.

United States: SEC Reopens Comment Period for Eleven Significant Rulemaking Releases

Oct 14 2022

By: Trayne S. Wheeler and Brian Doyle-Wenger

On October 7, 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) announced that, due to a technological error, it was reopening the public comment periods for 11 pending rulemaking releases (“Rulemaking Releases”) and one request for comment. The comment periods will be reopened as of October 7^th and will end 14 days after the publication of the release in Federal Register (if, for example, this release were to be published on October 15, then the comment periods would close on October 29, 2022). The SEC encouraged commenters that submitted a public comment through the internet comment process to check the SEC’s website, SEC.gov, to determine whether their comment was received and posted.

The SEC’s release did not elaborate on nature of the technological error but stated that a number of public comments submitted through the SEC’s internet comment form were not received. The SEC noted the majority of the affected comments were submitted in August 2022, but that the technological error is known to have occurred as early as June 2021.

The impact of the reopening of the public comment periods is not yet known, but will likely result in delaying the release of a number of highly anticipated SEC rules[1]. The Rulemaking Releases include the following proposals and request for comment:

• Reporting of Securities Loans

• Prohibition Against Fraud, Manipulation, or Deception in Connection with Security-Based Swaps; Prohibition against Undue Influence over Chief Compliance Officers; Position Reporting of Large Security-Based Swap Positions

• Money Market Fund Reforms

• Share Repurchase Disclosure Modernization

• Short Position and Short Activity Reporting by Institutional Investment Managers; see also Notice of the Text of the Proposed Amendments to the National Market System Plan Governing the Consolidated Audit Trail for Purposes of Short Sale-Related Data Collection,

• Cybersecurity Risk Management, Strategy, Governance, and Incident Disclosure

• Private Fund Advisers; Documentation of Registered Investment Adviser Compliance Reviews

• The Enhancement and Standardization of Climate-Related Disclosures for Investors

• Special Purpose Acquisition Companies, Shell Companies, and Projections

• Investment Company Names

• Enhanced Disclosures by Certain Investment Advisers and Investment Companies About Environmental, Social, and Governance Investment Practices

• Request for Comment on Certain Information Providers Acting as Investment Advisers

(Certain SRO rules, not covered here, also have comment periods that have been reopened.)

[1] SEC Release, Resubmission of Comments and Reopening of Comment Periods for Several Rulemaking Releases Due to a Technological Error in Receiving Certain Comments, October 7, 2022 (https://www.sec.gov/rules/proposed/2022/33-11117.pdf)

United States: As the WORM Turns: SEC Provides Alternative Recordkeeping Requirements for Brokers

Oct 12 2022

By: Eden L. Rohrer, Chloe Vargas, and Raymond F. Jensen

On October 12, 2022, the SEC voted to adopt new electronic recordkeeping requirements for broker-dealers in an effort to modernize recordkeeping requirements and to allow broker-dealers to use new technologies to satisfy their obligations. The new recordkeeping requirements will amend the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”) Rule 17a-4 (“Rule 17a-4”) for broker-dealers and Exchange Act Rule 18a-6 (“Rule 18a-6”) for Security-Based Swap Dealers, and Major Security-Based Swap Participants.

Significant to broker-dealers is that they will no longer be required to preserve electronic records in a non-rewritable, non-erasable or read once, write many (“WORM”) format. The new rule is technology neutral, allowing broker-dealers to adopt new technologies. The amended rule will eliminate references to outdated technology such as “micrographic media,” “microfilm or microfiche,” and “optical disk technology (including CD-ROM),” in their heyday when the rule was adopted in 1997.

United States: CFTC Proposes New Rules for Derivatives Clearing Organizations

Aug 23 2022

By: Cheryl L. Isaac and Matthew F. Phillips

On July 27, 2022, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) proposed a series of amendments to the Commodity Exchange Act (the “Exchange Act”) designed to enhance its governance standards for Derivatives Clearing Organizations (“DCOs”).

United States: CFTC Extends Position Limits Aggregation Relief

Aug 23 2022

By: Cheryl L. Isaac and Michael G. Lee

On August 10, 2022, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission’s (CFTC) Division of Market Oversight (DMO) issued a no-action letter (NAL), CFTC Staff Letter No. 22-09 (NAL 22-09), temporarily extending relief regarding certain position aggregation requirements until the earlier of either August 12, 2025 or the effective date of any relevant rulemaking. This relief was first provided in CFTC Staff Letter No. 17-37 (NAL 17-37) on August 10, 2017, and subsequently extended in CFTC Staff Letter No. 19-19 (NAL 19-19) on July 31, 2019. The extended relief provided by NAL 19-19 was set to expire on August 12, 2022, two days before the issuance of NAL 22-09. The DMO stated that it would use the newly extended time to assess the impact of the relief, including whether it hinders the CFTC staff’s ability to conduct market surveillance, particularly in light of so many new contract markets and market participants becoming subject to the Position Limits for Derivatives Final Rule. The CFTC will also consider a rulemaking process to codify the relief set forth in NAL 22-09.

United States: SEC vs. Wahi: An Insider Trading Action with Surprising Impacts on the Investment Management Industry

Aug 02 2022

By: Richard F. Kerr and Keri E. Riemer

The SEC has made a new crypto move – and its impact is broad.

As described in our FinTech Law Watch blog published on 29 July 2022, the SEC recently declared that 9 crypto assets were “securities” in a complaint relating to insider trading violations (Wahi Complaint).

United States: SEC Proposes Amendments to Shareholder Proposal Rule

Jul 22 2022

By: Jon-Luc Dupuy and Keri Riemer

On 13 July 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) proposed new amendments to Rule 14a-8 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Shareholder Proposal Rule”).

United States: SEC Rescinds Conditions to Proxy Voting Advice Exemptions

Jul 22 2022

By: Jon-Luc Dupuy and Keri Riemer

Update: On 28 July, 2022, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, Business Roundtable and the Tennessee Chamber of Commerce & Industry sued the SEC, claiming that it did not follow proper procedures under the Administrative Procedure Act or provide adequate justification for its decision to repeal the exemption conditions described below.

On 13 July 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) repealed certain aspects of its 2020 reforms for proxy voting advice businesses (“PVABs”).

United States: Grayscale Appeals to DC Circuit on SEC Denial of Bitcoin ETP

Jul 05 2022

By: Stacy L. Fuller, Clifford C. Histed, Cheryl L. Isaac, Richard F. Kerr, Keri E. Riemer, and Peter J. Shea

On Thursday, Grayscale Investments, LLC (Grayscale) filed suit against the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) in the D.C. Circuit asking the court to reconsider the agency’s rejection of listing a spot Bitcoin ETP on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). In its appeal, Grayscale argued that the SEC’s ruling regarding its spot Bitcoin ETP was “arbitrary and capricious,” because it disregarded facts about the ETP and erroneously determined that listing the ETP would be in contravention of NYSE’s duties under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

United States: CFTC Sues Crypto Exchange Gemini Trust Co.

Jun 09 2022

By: Clifford C. Histed, Cheryl L. Isaac, and Christine Mikhael

On 2 June 2022, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) filed a complaint against crypto exchange Gemini Trust Company, LLC (Gemini) in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York for allegedly making false or misleading statements of material facts to the CFTC related to the bitcoin futures contract that Gemini launched on its exchange in 2017. If successful in this litigation, the CFTC would impose a derivatives trading and registration ban on Gemini and its employees, in addition to civil monetary penalties and profit disgorgement.

According to the CFTC’s complaint, Gemini intended to self-certify its bitcoin futures contract, and it engaged with CFTC staff between July and December 2017 in connection with the self-certification. The bitcoin futures contract was to be cash-settled by reference to the underlying bitcoin price, determined by the daily bitcoin auction that took place on the Gemini Exchange. In its complaint, the CFTC alleges that the Gemini bitcoin futures contract and related spot auction were readily susceptible to manipulation.

Specifically, the CFTC alleges that:

Gemini represented to the CFTC that Gemini required all transactions to be fully “prefunded”, despite the fact that Gemini was lending digital assets to traders on an unsecured basis at low rates;
Gemini made false or misleading statements relating to self-trading and did not effectively prohibit self-trading from occurring in the Gemini bitcoin auctions (with about 70% of the total auction trading volume resulted from one market participant trading with itself in December 2016);
Gemini entered into bespoke fee arrangements with certain market makers that were not available to all Gemini market participants and were not disclosed to the public; and
Gemini provided false or misleading statements to the CFTC regarding trading volume and liquidity on the Gemini Exchange.

The CFTC emphasized in its complaint that the bitcoin futures contract was particularly significant because it was to be among the first digital asset futures contracts listed on a U.S. derivatives exchange. This action makes clear regulators’ intense focus of crypto assets, and the stakes are high: If the CFTC is successful, Gemini and its employees and agents would effectively be banned from U.S. derivatives markets, in addition to being subject to civil monetary penalties and profit disgorgement. CFTC Chairman Rostin Behnam has previously warned that the agency’s recent crypto-related enforcement actions were just the “tip of the iceberg,” and the Gemini lawsuit is evidence that there are more enforcement actions to come.

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