Global Investment Law Watch – Page 6 – Exploring the legal and regulatory issues affecting the worldwide investment community.

Next Regulator Up: Treasury Department Explores AI in the Financial Sector

Jun 11 2024

By: Matthew J. Rogers and Maxwell J. Black

On 6 June 2024, the Department of the Treasury (the Treasury) published a request for information on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the financial services sector, with the goal of gathering input from a wide range of stakeholders. This request follows soon after the Treasury’s report on AI and cybersecurity.

Like other US regulators, including the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), the Treasury is interested in understanding the opportunities and risks posed by AI, including the potential impact on consumers, investors, financial institutions, and businesses. Specifically, the Treasury is seeking feedback on the definition of AI under President Biden’s Executive Order on Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of AI, the types of AI models and tools used by financial institutions, and the general accessibility of AI.

Of particular interest is the Treasury’s query regarding a potential “human capital shortage” in financial organizations. This concerns the scenario where companies utilize AI tools without sufficient employees that fully understand their mechanisms. Additionally, the request solicits perspectives on model risks, operational risks, compliance risks, and third-party risks, among others.

This request for information shows that the Treasury is looking to augment the efforts of the CFTC, Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), and banking agencies, which have also requested similar AI-related information. It remains to be seen the extent to which federal agencies such as the Treasury coordinate their rulemaking processes and how any such rules will fit together.

5th Circuit Vacates the Private Fund Adviser Rules in Full

Jun 05 2024

By: Pablo J. Man, TJ Bright, Kenneth Holston, Christopher W. Phillips-Hart, and Tristen C. Rodgers

Earlier today, 5 June 2024, the US Fifth Circuit Court fully vacated the Private Fund Adviser Rules (PFAR) in a unanimous and highly anticipated decision curbing the Securities and Exchange Commission’s authority to regulate private funds. Absent a successful appeal of the decision, the PFAR will not come into effect.

Europe: The Central Bank of Ireland Continues to Focus on Financial Stability

Jun 05 2024

By: Shane Geraghty, Michelle Lloyd, and Ruth Hennessy

The Central Bank of Ireland has announced this week that they will publish a feedback statement on their approach to macroprudential policy for investment funds, we expect in the coming months.

They issued a discussion paper on this topic late last year. The European Commission also released a targeted consultation on macroprudential policies for non-bank financial intermediaries on 22 May 2024.

The Central Bank’s announcement follows hot on the heels of its publication of a macroprudential policy framework for Irish-authorised GBP-denominated liability driven investment funds, as discussed here.

At the Central Bank’s recent Macroprudential Policy for Investment Funds Conference, the Governor of the Central Bank, Gabriel Makhlouf, indicated that a macroprudential framework for investment funds should not be a replication of the banking framework and should have:

A well-articulated set of objectives and principles; and
A framework tailored to the nature of the systemic risk from different fund cohorts – i.e. not a
‘one-size-fits-all approach’.

Governor Makhlouf noted that the objective is to ensure that this growing segment of the financial sector becomes more resilient and less likely to amplify adverse shocks.

The Central Bank of Ireland Introduces Macroprudential Measures to Irish-Authorised GBP-Denominated Liability Driven Investment Funds

May 24 2024

By: Shane Geraghty, Michelle Lloyd, and Ruth Hennessy

The Central Bank of Ireland has introduced a macroprudential policy framework for Irish-authorised GBP-denominated liability driven investment funds (LDI Funds), to make them more resilient to shocks to UK interest rates.

AML Reforms Part 2: Digital Currency Service Providers

May 23 2024

By: Daniel Knight and Kithmin Ranamukhaarachchi

The Australian Attorney-General’s Department (Department) has released five consultation papers outlining proposals for extensive reforms to Australia’s anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing (AML/CTF) regime.

NFA Announces Effective Date for New Compliance Rule 2-52 and Related Guidance Re: Member Questionnaire

May 22 2024

By: Clifford C. Histed, Cheryl L. Issac, Matthew J. Rogers, and Wiley F. Cole

On 20 May 2024, the National Futures Association (NFA) announced that its recently finalized Compliance Rule 2-52, related Interpretive Notice 9082 and amended Bylaw 301 will go into effect on 15 October 2024. NFA members will be required to submit their Member Questionnaire (formerly, the Annual Questionnaire) at least annually, and sometimes more frequently, as required by the NFA. If an NFA member’s business operations materially change rendering previously provided information inaccurate or incomplete, the NFA member will be required promptly to update its Member Questionnaire. While NFA members may use their discretion to determine what constitutes a material change, Interpretive Notice 9082 provides illustrative guidance on this point.

SEC Adopts Enhanced Privacy Safeguards

May 17 2024

By: Rich Kerr, Sasha Burstein, and Brian Doyle-Wenger

On 16 May 2024, the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) adopted amendments to Regulation S-P’s safeguards and disposal rules. The amendments are designed to address the expanded use of technology and corresponding risks that have emerged since the original adoption of Regulation S-P in 2000. The amendments expand the scope of information and broaden the number of customers protected under both rules. The safeguards and disposal rule will apply to “customer information”, which includes records that contain “nonpublic personal information” as defined in the existing rule. Additionally, the amended rule expands the applicability of the safeguards rule to include transfer agents, and the disposal rules to include all transfer agents including those registered with appropriate regulatory authorities other than the SEC.

Europe: UK FCA’s Anti-Greenwashing Rule and Guidance Come Into Force on 31 May 2024

May 17 2024

By: Philip Morgan, Andrew Massey, and Omega Modi

An anti-greenwashing rule comes into force in the UK on 31 May 2024. This is the first part of the FCA’s Sustainability Disclosure Requirements.

Go Ahead and Take a CIP: SEC and Treasury Department Propose New Regulations for Investment Advisors

May 15 2024

By: Richard F. Kerr, Jennifer L. Klass, C. Todd Gibson, and Kenneth Holston

On 13 May 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Department of the US Treasury Department’s Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) jointly proposed rulemaking to implement section 326 of the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (CIP Rulemaking), which would require SEC-registered investment advisers (RIAs) and exempt reporting advisers (ERAs) to establish written customer identification programs (CIP).

Europe: ESMA publishes Guidelines on fund names using ESG or sustainability-related terms

May 14 2024

By: Áine Ní Riain, Dr Philipp Riedl, and Ruth Hennessy.

The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) has published its much anticipated Final Report: Guidelines on funds’ names using ESG or sustainability-related terms (Guidelines).

This follows a consultation on the subject between November 2022 and February 2023 and an update provided by ESMA last December.

Acknowledging the significant impact of fund names on investor decision-making, ESMA has determined that a fund with ESG- or sustainability-related terms in its name must apply at least 80% of its investments to meet environmental or social characteristics or sustainable investment objectives.

The Guidelines also apply exclusion criteria for certain terms in fund names:

“Environmental”, “impact” and “sustainability”- related terms will require compliance with the exclusions applicable to Paris-aligned Benchmarks; and
“Transition, “social” and “governance”- related terms will necessitate compliance with the exclusions applicable to Climate Transition Benchmarks.

Use of “sustainability”-related terms in fund names will require a commitment to “invest meaningfully” in sustainable investments. Similar use of “transition” or “impact” – related terms will require that the relevant fund’s investments used to meet the 80% threshold are on a clear and measurable path to transition or are made with the objective to generate a positive, measurable impact alongside a financial return.

The Guidelines will apply to all EU UCITS and EU AIFs, and it currently seems likely that they will also apply to non-EU funds marketed into the EU (this is a point on which we will be watching developments closely).

The Guidelines are expected to come into force in Q3 or Q4 2024, subject to completion of administrative formalities including a decision by national competent authorities on whether to apply them locally (which is generally expected). Existing funds will have an additional 3-month transition period before compliance becomes mandatory.